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Roberto Fernández Retamar (b. 1930), Cuban essayist and poet. Fernández Retamar was born in Havana and received a doctorate in philosophy and literature in 1954.

In 1951 he was awarded the National Poetry Prize for his book Patrias. He studied linguistics in Paris (1955) and London (1956). After returning to Cuba in 1958, he wrote using the pseudonym David for the underground revolutionary publication Resistencia.

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After the Cuban Revolution of 1959, he continued his academic career until the following year, when he was named cultural adviser for the Cuban embassy in Paris. He was elected coordinating secretary of the Cuban Union of Writers and Artists (UNEAC).

During the 1970s and 1980s Fernández Retamar made a name for himself as an essayist.

Noteworthy among his essays are "Para una teoría de la literatura hispanoamericana" (1975) and "Calibán." This latter essay was a socialist response to the Uruguayan José Enrique Rodó's canonical Arie